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Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Technical Training - Exam Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Practice

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WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam Sample Questions (Q134-Q139):

NEW QUESTION # 134
A program calculates the average miles per gallon given miles traveled and gas consumed How should the item that holds me miles per gallon be declared?

A. Variable float milesPerGallon
B. Variable float milesTraveled
C. Constant float milesPerGallon
D. Constant float milesTraveled

Answer: A

Explanation:
In a program that calculates the average miles per gallon based on miles traveled and gas consumed, the item that holds the miles per gallon should be declared as a variable because it will change depending on the input values. The data type should be a floating-point number (float) because miles per gallon is a value that can have a fractional part, and it is not a fixed value, hence it should not be a constant.
References:
* Best practices in programming suggest using variables for values that change and constants for values that remain the same throughout the program execution.
* The concept of variables and data types is fundamental in programming and is covered in foundational programming documentation and textbooks.

NEW QUESTION # 135
A particular sorting algorithm takes integer list [10, 6, 8] and incorrectly sorts the list to [6, 10, 8]. What is true about the algorithm's correctness for sorting an arbitrary list of three integers?

A. The algorithm is incorrect.
B. The algorithm's correctness is unknown.
C. The algorithm is correct.
D. The algorithm only works for [10, 6, 8].

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
A sorting algorithm is correct if it consistently produces a sorted output (e.g., ascending order: [6, 8, 10] for input [10, 6, 8]). According to foundational programming principles, if an algorithm fails to sort any input correctly, it is considered incorrect for the general case.
* Analysis:
* Input: [10, 6, 8].
* Output: [6, 10, 8].
* Correct sorted output: [6, 8, 10] (ascending).
* The algorithm's output [6, 10, 8] is not sorted, as 10 > 8.
* Option A: "The algorithm is incorrect." This is correct. Since the algorithm fails to sort [10, 6, 8] correctly, it is not a valid sorting algorithm for arbitrary inputs. A single failure proves incorrectness for the general case.
* Option B: "The algorithm only works for [10, 6, 8]." This is incorrect. The algorithm does not "work" for [10, 6, 8], as it produces an incorrect output.
* Option C: "The algorithm's correctness is unknown." This is incorrect. The given example demonstrates incorrectness, so the algorithm is known to be incorrect.
* Option D: "The algorithm is correct." This is incorrect. The algorithm fails to sort the given input correctly.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Sorting Algorithms).
Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Chapter 2: Sorting).
GeeksforGeeks: "Sorting Algorithms" (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sorting-algorithms/).

NEW QUESTION # 136
Which line is a loop variable update statement in the sample code?
integer h = 0
do
Put "What is the password?" to output
String userInput = Get next input
if userInput != pwd
Put "Incorrect." to output
h = h + 1
while (userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10)
if userInput = pwd
Put "Access granted." to output
else
Put "Access denied." to output

A. (userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10)
B. integer h = 0
C. h = h + 1
D. if userInput = pwd

Answer: C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The loop variable update statement modifies the loop control variable to progress the loop. In this do-while loop, h tracks the number of attempts, and its update is critical to the loop's termination. According to foundational programming principles, the update statement is typically within the loop body.
* Code Analysis:
* integer h = 0: Initializes h (not an update).
* Put "What is the password?" to output: Outputs prompt (not an update).
* String userInput = Get next input: Gets input (not an update).
* if userInput != pwd: Conditional check (not an update).
* Put "Incorrect." to output: Outputs message (not an update).
* h = h + 1: Updates h, incrementing the attempt counter.
* while (userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10): Loop condition (not an update).
* Option A: "if userInput = pwd." Incorrect. This is a conditional statement, not an update. (Note: The code uses = for comparison, which may be a typo; == is standard.)
* Option B: "h = h + 1." Correct. This updates the loop variable h, incrementing it to track attempts.
* Option C: "(userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10)." Incorrect. This is the loop condition, not an update.
* Option D: "integer h = 0." Incorrect. This is the initialization, not an update.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Loops and Variables).
C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Do-While Loops).
W3Schools: "C Do While Loop" (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_do_while_loop.php).

NEW QUESTION # 137
What is a characteristic of an interpreted language?

A. Has a programmer writing machine code.
B. Can be run by a user one statement at a time.
C. Is restricted to running on one machine.
D. Generates syntax errors during compilation.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
An interpreted language is executed directly by an interpreter, which reads and executes the source code line by line without requiring a separate compilation step. According to foundational programming principles, this allows for flexibility, such as running code interactively or one statement at a time.
* Option A: "Generates syntax errors during compilation." This is incorrect. Interpreted languages (e.g., Python, JavaScript) do not undergo a compilation phase. Syntax errors are detected during execution by the interpreter, not during a compilation step.
* Option B: "Can be run by a user one statement at a time." This is correct. Interpreted languages often support interactive execution, where users can input and execute code one statement at a time (e.g., in Python's REPL or JavaScript's browser console). This is a hallmark of interpreters.
* Option C: "Has a programmer writing machine code." This is incorrect. No high-level programming language, interpreted or compiled, requires programmers to write machine code. Interpreted languages use high-level source code executed by an interpreter.
* Option D: "Is restricted to running on one machine." This is incorrect. Interpreted languages are typically portable across machines, as long as the interpreter is available (e.g., Python runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux with the same source code).
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Interpreted Languages).
Python Documentation: "Interactive Mode" (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html).
W3Schools: "JavaScript Introduction" (https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_intro.asp).

NEW QUESTION # 138
Which data type should be used to hold the value of a person's body temperature in Fahrenheit

A. Boolean
B. Integer
C. Float
D. String

Answer: C

Explanation:
When dealing with body temperature, especially in Fahrenheit, the appropriate data type to use is a floating- point number (float). Here's why:
* Measurement Precision:
* Body temperature can have decimal values, such as 98.6°F.
* Integer data types (like B. Integer) cannot represent fractional values.
* Floats allow for greater precision and can handle decimal places.
* Temperature Scales:
* Fahrenheit is a continuous scale, not a discrete set of values.
* It includes both positive and negative values (e.g., sub-zero temperatures).
* Floats accommodate this range effectively.
* Examples:
* A person's body temperature might be 98.6°F (normal) or 101.3°F (fever).
* These values require a data type that can handle fractions.

NEW QUESTION # 139
......

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